Post-Quantum Cryptography Detection and Control
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Next-Generation Firewall Docs
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management of NGFWs
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- Management Interfaces
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- Launch the Web Interface
- Use the Administrator Login Activity Indicators to Detect Account Misuse
- Manage and Monitor Administrative Tasks
- Commit, Validate, and Preview Firewall Configuration Changes
- Commit Selective Configuration Changes
- Export Configuration Table Data
- Use Global Find to Search the Firewall or Panorama Management Server
- Manage Locks for Restricting Configuration Changes
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- Define Access to the Web Interface Tabs
- Provide Granular Access to the Monitor Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Policy Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Objects Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Network Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Device Tab
- Define User Privacy Settings in the Admin Role Profile
- Restrict Administrator Access to Commit and Validate Functions
- Provide Granular Access to Global Settings
- Provide Granular Access to the Panorama Tab
- Provide Granular Access to Operations Settings
- Panorama Web Interface Access Privileges
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- Reset the Firewall to Factory Default Settings
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- Plan Your Authentication Deployment
- Pre-Logon for SAML Authentication
- Configure SAML Authentication
- Configure Kerberos Single Sign-On
- Configure Kerberos Server Authentication
- Configure TACACS+ Authentication
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- Configure RADIUS Authentication
- Configure LDAP Authentication
- Configure Local Database Authentication
- Configure an Authentication Profile and Sequence
- Test Authentication Server Connectivity
- Troubleshoot Authentication Issues
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- Keys and Certificates
- Default Trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs)
- Certificate Deployment
- Configure the Master Key
- Export a Certificate and Private Key
- Configure a Certificate Profile
- Configure an SSL/TLS Service Profile
- Configure an SSH Service Profile
- Replace the Certificate for Inbound Management Traffic
- Configure the Key Size for SSL Forward Proxy Server Certificates
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- HA Overview
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- Prerequisites for Active/Active HA
- Configure Active/Active HA
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- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Route-Based Redundancy
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with ARP Load-Sharing
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Address Bound to Active-Primary Firewall
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Source DIPP NAT Using Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Separate Source NAT IP Address Pools for Active/Active HA Firewalls
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT in Layer 3
- HA Clustering Overview
- HA Clustering Best Practices and Provisioning
- Configure HA Clustering
- Refresh HA1 SSH Keys and Configure Key Options
- HA Firewall States
- Reference: HA Synchronization
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- Use the Dashboard
- Monitor Applications and Threats
- Monitor Block List
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- Report Types
- View Reports
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- View Policy Rule Usage
- Use External Services for Monitoring
- Configure Log Forwarding
- Configure Email Alerts
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- Configure Syslog Monitoring
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- Traffic Log Fields
- Threat Log Fields
- URL Filtering Log Fields
- Data Filtering Log Fields
- HIP Match Log Fields
- GlobalProtect Log Fields
- IP-Tag Log Fields
- User-ID Log Fields
- Decryption Log Fields
- Tunnel Inspection Log Fields
- SCTP Log Fields
- Authentication Log Fields
- Config Log Fields
- System Log Fields
- Correlated Events Log Fields
- GTP Log Fields
- Audit Log Fields
- Syslog Severity
- Custom Log/Event Format
- Escape Sequences
- Forward Logs to an HTTP/S Destination
- Firewall Interface Identifiers in SNMP Managers and NetFlow Collectors
- Monitor Transceivers
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- User-ID Overview
- Enable User-ID
- Map Users to Groups
- Enable User- and Group-Based Policy
- Enable Policy for Users with Multiple Accounts
- Verify the User-ID Configuration
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- App-ID Overview
- App-ID and HTTP/2 Inspection
- Manage Custom or Unknown Applications
- Safely Enable Applications on Default Ports
- Applications with Implicit Support
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- Prepare to Deploy App-ID Cloud Engine
- Enable or Disable the App-ID Cloud Engine
- App-ID Cloud Engine Processing and Policy Usage
- New App Viewer (Policy Optimizer)
- Add Apps to an Application Filter with Policy Optimizer
- Add Apps to an Application Group with Policy Optimizer
- Add Apps Directly to a Rule with Policy Optimizer
- Replace an RMA Firewall (ACE)
- Impact of License Expiration or Disabling ACE
- Commit Failure Due to Cloud Content Rollback
- Troubleshoot App-ID Cloud Engine
- Application Level Gateways
- Disable the SIP Application-level Gateway (ALG)
- Maintain Custom Timeouts for Data Center Applications
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- Decryption Overview
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- Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
- SSL Forward Proxy
- SSL Forward Proxy Decryption Profile
- SSL Inbound Inspection
- SSL Inbound Inspection Decryption Profile
- SSL Protocol Settings Decryption Profile
- SSH Proxy
- SSH Proxy Decryption Profile
- Profile for No Decryption
- SSL Decryption for Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Certificates
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) Support for SSL Decryption
- SSL Decryption and Subject Alternative Names (SANs)
- TLSv1.3 Decryption
- High Availability Not Supported for Decrypted Sessions
- Decryption Mirroring
- Configure SSL Forward Proxy
- Configure SSL Inbound Inspection
- Configure SSH Proxy
- Configure Server Certificate Verification for Undecrypted Traffic
- Post-Quantum Cryptography Detection and Control
- Enable Users to Opt Out of SSL Decryption
- Temporarily Disable SSL Decryption
- Configure Decryption Port Mirroring
- Verify Decryption
- Activate Free Licenses for Decryption Features
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- Policy Types
- Policy Objects
- Track Rules Within a Rulebase
- Enforce Policy Rule Description, Tag, and Audit Comment
- Move or Clone a Policy Rule or Object to a Different Virtual System
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- External Dynamic List
- Built-in External Dynamic Lists
- Configure the Firewall to Access an External Dynamic List
- Retrieve an External Dynamic List from the Web Server
- View External Dynamic List Entries
- Exclude Entries from an External Dynamic List
- Enforce Policy on an External Dynamic List
- Find External Dynamic Lists That Failed Authentication
- Disable Authentication for an External Dynamic List
- Register IP Addresses and Tags Dynamically
- Use Dynamic User Groups in Policy
- Use Auto-Tagging to Automate Security Actions
- CLI Commands for Dynamic IP Addresses and Tags
- Application Override Policy
- Test Policy Rules
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- Network Segmentation Using Zones
- How Do Zones Protect the Network?
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure a PPPoE Client on a Subinterface
- Configure an IPv6 PPPoE Client
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- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
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- DHCP Overview
- Firewall as a DHCP Server and Client
- Firewall as a DHCPv6 Client
- DHCP Messages
- Dynamic IPv6 Addressing on the Management Interface
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Server
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv4 Client
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv6 Client with Prefix Delegation
- Configure the Management Interface as a DHCP Client
- Configure the Management Interface for Dynamic IPv6 Address Assignment
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Relay Agent
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Create a Source NAT Rule with Persistent DIPP
- PAN-OS
- Strata Cloud Manager
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Network Packet Broker Overview
- How Network Packet Broker Works
- Prepare to Deploy Network Packet Broker
- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Configure Routed Layer 3 Security Chains
- Network Packet Broker HA Support
- User Interface Changes for Network Packet Broker
- Limitations of Network Packet Broker
- Troubleshoot Network Packet Broker
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- Enable Advanced Routing
- Logical Router Overview
- Configure a Logical Router
- Create a Static Route
- Configure BGP on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create BGP Routing Profiles
- Create Filters for the Advanced Routing Engine
- Configure OSPFv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPF Routing Profiles
- Configure OSPFv3 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPFv3 Routing Profiles
- Configure RIPv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create RIPv2 Routing Profiles
- Create BFD Profiles
- Configure IPv4 Multicast
- Configure MSDP
- Create Multicast Routing Profiles
- Create an IPv4 MRoute
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PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
Post-Quantum Cryptography Detection and Control
NGFWs can detect, block or allow, and log TLSv1.3 sessions that use post-quantum
cryptography.
Where Can I Use This? | What Do I Need? |
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Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms and
hybrid PQC algorithms (classical and PQC algorithms combined) are accessible through
open-source libraries and integrated into web browsers and other technologies. Traffic
encrypted by PQC or hybrid PQC algorithms cannot be decrypted yet, making these
algorithms vulnerable to misuse. However, you can prevent the misuse of PQC and hybrid
PQC algorithms and make informed decisions by monitoring PQC activity on your
network.
Palo Alto Networks firewalls detect, block, and log the use of PQC and hybrid PQC
algorithms in TLSv1.3 sessions. This is done automatically based on the settings in your
Decryption policy rules. Review your rules and update your Decryption configuration as needed to
get the most visibility into PQC activity. These actions should be part of your post-quantum migration planning and
preparation strategy.
- How the Firewall Detects and Handles Post-quantum Cryptography
- Post-quantum Cryptography and Decryption Logs
- Decryption Configuration Recommendations
How the Firewall Detects and Handles Post-quantum Cryptography
If SSL traffic matches an SSL Forward Proxy or SSL Inbound Inspection Decryption
policy rule, the firewall prevents negotiation with PQC, hybrid PQC, and other
unsupported algorithms. The
following detection and blocking process enables the firewall to continuously
decrypt and identify threats during a session:
- ClientHello Inspection. The firewall checks the ClientHello for the supported_groups TLS extension. This extension specifies the groups that the client supports for key exchange.
- Comparison of Values. The firewall compares the hexadecimal value in the supported-groups extension to a set of known values for PQC and hybrid PQC algorithms. This is how the firewall identifies the specific algorithms supported by the client.
- Removal of Unsupported Algorithms. When SSL Forward Proxy and Inbound Decryption policy rules are applied, the firewall removes PQC, hybrid PQC, and other unsupported algorithms from the ClientHello. This forces the client to negotiate exclusively with classical algorithms.
- Session Restart and Negotiation with Classical Algorithms. The session restarts, and the client and server negotiate with classical algorithms. (For a list of supported cipher suites, see PAN-OS 11.1 Decryption Cipher Suites.)
However, if the client strictly negotiates PQC, hybrid PQC, or other unsupported
algorithms, the firewall drops the session.
If SSL traffic matches a “no-decrypt” Decryption policy rule or doesn’t match any
Decryption policy rules, the firewall allows negotiation with PQC or hybrid PQC
algorithms. However, details of sessions that negotiate these algorithms are
available in Decryption logs only when session traffic matches a "no-decrypt"
Decryption policy rule.
Post-quantum Cryptography and Decryption Logs
Decryption logs provide visibility into
post-quantum cryptography activity on your network for sessions that negotiate PQC
or hybrid PQC algorithms and match a "no decrypt" Decryption policy rule. The
Decryption logs for sessions matching this criteria include details such as the key
exchange (KE) and the negotiated EC curve.
In the case where SSL traffic matches an SSL Forward Proxy or SSL Inbound
Inspection Decryption policy rule and the client only supports post-quantum
algorithms, the session is dropped. The error column in the corresponding
Decryption log states that the client only supports post-quantum
algorithms.
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By default, the firewall generates Decryption logs for all unsuccessful TLS
handshake traffic. However, you can log both successful and unsuccessful TLS
handshakes in the Log Settings of Decryption policy rules (PoliciesDecryptionOptions). Configure Decryption Logging shares
additional considerations.
The following table summarizes how the firewall enforces and logs PQC
activity.If Decryption Policy Rule Triggered | If Decryption Policy Rule with No-Decrypt Action Triggered | If No Decryption Policy Rule is Triggered | ||
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Client Supports Classical Algorithms | Client Only Supports PQC or Hybrid PQC Algorithms | |||
Session Status | PQC and hybrid PQC algorithms are stripped from the ClientHello, and the session restarts with classical algorithms | PQC algorithms are stripped from the ClientHello, and the session is dropped | Session successfully negotiates with a PQC or hybrid PQC algorithm (no decryption) | Session successfully negotiates with PQC or hybrid PQC algorithm (no decryption) |
Decryption Log Behavior | Decryption logs note negotiation of a classical algorithm (a PQC algorithm is not noted as it was not negotiated) | Log records the “Client only supports Post-Quantum algorithms" error message | The Negotiated EC Curve column records the name of the PQC or hybrid PQC algorithm negotiated | No log generated |
Decryption Configuration Recommendations
Review the logging settings in your Decryption policy rules and use other tools for
enhanced visibility and control over PQC and hybrid PQC activity in your network.
The following recommendations assume a security-first approach to detection,
enforcement, and logging:
- Log successful and unsuccessful handshakes in the Log Settings of Decryption policy rules. Select PoliciesDecryptionOptions, and then select Log Successful SSL Handshakes and Log Unsuccessful SSL Handshakes.Logging all TLS handshakes may increase the volume of logs on your system. The default quota for Decryption logs is one percent of your firewall's log storage capacity. To configure a larger log storage space quota for Decryption logs, select DeviceSetupManagementLogging and Reporting SettingsLog Storage. (Configure Decryption Logging provides more details.)
- Create exclusions or separate rules for internal testing of PQC and hybrid PQC algorithms.
- To log traffic that you don’t decrypt, create a policy-based decryption exclusion or apply a “no decrypt” Decryption profile to the Decryption policy rules that govern this traffic.
- Review the global counter for PQC and hybrid PQC algorithms. The counter increments whenever a client attempts to negotiate with a PQC or hybrid PQC algorithm. Use the following CLI command: show counter global name ssl_pqc_session_cnt.