Next-Generation Firewall
View Probable Causes
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Next-Generation Firewall Docs
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management of NGFWs
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- Management Interfaces
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- Launch the Web Interface
- Use the Administrator Login Activity Indicators to Detect Account Misuse
- Manage and Monitor Administrative Tasks
- Commit, Validate, and Preview Firewall Configuration Changes
- Commit Selective Configuration Changes
- Export Configuration Table Data
- Use Global Find to Search the Firewall or Panorama Management Server
- Manage Locks for Restricting Configuration Changes
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- Define Access to the Web Interface Tabs
- Provide Granular Access to the Monitor Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Policy Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Objects Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Network Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Device Tab
- Define User Privacy Settings in the Admin Role Profile
- Restrict Administrator Access to Commit and Validate Functions
- Provide Granular Access to Global Settings
- Provide Granular Access to the Panorama Tab
- Provide Granular Access to Operations Settings
- Panorama Web Interface Access Privileges
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- Reset the Firewall to Factory Default Settings
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- Plan Your Authentication Deployment
- Pre-Logon for SAML Authentication
- Configure SAML Authentication
- Configure Kerberos Single Sign-On
- Configure Kerberos Server Authentication
- Configure TACACS+ Authentication
- Configure TACACS Accounting
- Configure RADIUS Authentication
- Configure LDAP Authentication
- Configure Local Database Authentication
- Configure an Authentication Profile and Sequence
- Test Authentication Server Connectivity
- Troubleshoot Authentication Issues
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- Keys and Certificates
- Default Trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs)
- Certificate Deployment
- Configure the Master Key
- Export a Certificate and Private Key
- Configure a Certificate Profile
- Configure an SSL/TLS Service Profile
- Configure an SSH Service Profile
- Replace the Certificate for Inbound Management Traffic
- Configure the Key Size for SSL Forward Proxy Server Certificates
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- HA Overview
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- Prerequisites for Active/Active HA
- Configure Active/Active HA
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- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Route-Based Redundancy
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with ARP Load-Sharing
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Address Bound to Active-Primary Firewall
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Source DIPP NAT Using Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Separate Source NAT IP Address Pools for Active/Active HA Firewalls
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT in Layer 3
- HA Clustering Overview
- HA Clustering Best Practices and Provisioning
- Configure HA Clustering
- Refresh HA1 SSH Keys and Configure Key Options
- HA Firewall States
- Reference: HA Synchronization
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- Use the Dashboard
- Monitor Applications and Threats
- Monitor Block List
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- Report Types
- View Reports
- Configure the Expiration Period and Run Time for Reports
- Disable Predefined Reports
- Custom Reports
- Generate Custom Reports
- Generate the SaaS Application Usage Report
- Manage PDF Summary Reports
- Generate User/Group Activity Reports
- Manage Report Groups
- Schedule Reports for Email Delivery
- Manage Report Storage Capacity
- View Policy Rule Usage
- Use External Services for Monitoring
- Configure Log Forwarding
- Configure Email Alerts
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- Configure Syslog Monitoring
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- Traffic Log Fields
- Threat Log Fields
- URL Filtering Log Fields
- Data Filtering Log Fields
- HIP Match Log Fields
- GlobalProtect Log Fields
- IP-Tag Log Fields
- User-ID Log Fields
- Decryption Log Fields
- Tunnel Inspection Log Fields
- SCTP Log Fields
- Authentication Log Fields
- Config Log Fields
- System Log Fields
- Correlated Events Log Fields
- GTP Log Fields
- Audit Log Fields
- Syslog Severity
- Custom Log/Event Format
- Escape Sequences
- Forward Logs to an HTTP/S Destination
- Firewall Interface Identifiers in SNMP Managers and NetFlow Collectors
- Monitor Transceivers
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- User-ID Overview
- Enable User-ID
- Map Users to Groups
- Enable User- and Group-Based Policy
- Enable Policy for Users with Multiple Accounts
- Verify the User-ID Configuration
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- App-ID Overview
- App-ID and HTTP/2 Inspection
- Manage Custom or Unknown Applications
- Safely Enable Applications on Default Ports
- Applications with Implicit Support
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- Prepare to Deploy App-ID Cloud Engine
- Enable or Disable the App-ID Cloud Engine
- App-ID Cloud Engine Processing and Policy Usage
- New App Viewer (Policy Optimizer)
- Add Apps to an Application Filter with Policy Optimizer
- Add Apps to an Application Group with Policy Optimizer
- Add Apps Directly to a Rule with Policy Optimizer
- Replace an RMA Firewall (ACE)
- Impact of License Expiration or Disabling ACE
- Commit Failure Due to Cloud Content Rollback
- Troubleshoot App-ID Cloud Engine
- Application Level Gateways
- Disable the SIP Application-level Gateway (ALG)
- Maintain Custom Timeouts for Data Center Applications
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- Decryption Overview
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- Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
- SSL Forward Proxy
- SSL Forward Proxy Decryption Profile
- SSL Inbound Inspection
- SSL Inbound Inspection Decryption Profile
- SSL Protocol Settings Decryption Profile
- SSH Proxy
- SSH Proxy Decryption Profile
- Profile for No Decryption
- SSL Decryption for Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Certificates
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) Support for SSL Decryption
- SSL Decryption and Subject Alternative Names (SANs)
- TLSv1.3 Decryption
- High Availability Not Supported for Decrypted Sessions
- Decryption Mirroring
- Configure SSL Forward Proxy
- Configure SSL Inbound Inspection
- Configure SSH Proxy
- Configure Server Certificate Verification for Undecrypted Traffic
- Post-Quantum Cryptography Detection and Control
- Enable Users to Opt Out of SSL Decryption
- Temporarily Disable SSL Decryption
- Configure Decryption Port Mirroring
- Verify Decryption
- Activate Free Licenses for Decryption Features
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- Policy Types
- Policy Objects
- Track Rules Within a Rulebase
- Enforce Policy Rule Description, Tag, and Audit Comment
- Move or Clone a Policy Rule or Object to a Different Virtual System
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- External Dynamic List
- Built-in External Dynamic Lists
- Configure the Firewall to Access an External Dynamic List
- Retrieve an External Dynamic List from the Web Server
- View External Dynamic List Entries
- Exclude Entries from an External Dynamic List
- Enforce Policy on an External Dynamic List
- Find External Dynamic Lists That Failed Authentication
- Disable Authentication for an External Dynamic List
- Register IP Addresses and Tags Dynamically
- Use Dynamic User Groups in Policy
- Use Auto-Tagging to Automate Security Actions
- CLI Commands for Dynamic IP Addresses and Tags
- Application Override Policy
- Test Policy Rules
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- Network Segmentation Using Zones
- How Do Zones Protect the Network?
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure a PPPoE Client on a Subinterface
- Configure an IPv6 PPPoE Client
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
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- DHCP Overview
- Firewall as a DHCP Server and Client
- Firewall as a DHCPv6 Client
- DHCP Messages
- Dynamic IPv6 Addressing on the Management Interface
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Server
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv4 Client
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv6 Client with Prefix Delegation
- Configure the Management Interface as a DHCP Client
- Configure the Management Interface for Dynamic IPv6 Address Assignment
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Relay Agent
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Create a Source NAT Rule with Persistent DIPP
- PAN-OS
- Strata Cloud Manager
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Network Packet Broker Overview
- How Network Packet Broker Works
- Prepare to Deploy Network Packet Broker
- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Configure Routed Layer 3 Security Chains
- Network Packet Broker HA Support
- User Interface Changes for Network Packet Broker
- Limitations of Network Packet Broker
- Troubleshoot Network Packet Broker
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- Enable Advanced Routing
- Logical Router Overview
- Configure a Logical Router
- Create a Static Route
- Configure BGP on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create BGP Routing Profiles
- Create Filters for the Advanced Routing Engine
- Configure OSPFv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPF Routing Profiles
- Configure OSPFv3 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPFv3 Routing Profiles
- Configure RIPv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create RIPv2 Routing Profiles
- Create BFD Profiles
- Configure IPv4 Multicast
- Configure MSDP
- Create Multicast Routing Profiles
- Create an IPv4 MRoute
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PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
View Probable Causes
Learn how to view probable causes for alerts.
Where Can I Use This? | What Do I Need? |
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Using advanced AI capabilities, AIOps for NGFW displays the probable causes
for alerts and offers recommendations for how to fix the underlying issue. This
feature ensures optimal network performance by mitigating disruptions and maximizing
the effectiveness of your cybersecurity solution.
Here are the alerts that support the probable cause
analysis:
- High Processing Activity
- Increased Traffic Latency - Packet Buffer
- Increased Traffic Latency - Packet Descriptor On-Chip
- Allowed threats
- Traffic Latency - Packet Descriptors (on-chip)
- Adverse Resource Usage
- Out of Sync Peers - Configuration
- Potential Credential Theft Abuse
- Commit Push Failed
The probable cause analysis is enhanced to use the Strata Logging Service logs and provide additional metadata to the probable
cause that led to the creation of alert or incident. This enhancement allows you to
pinpoint the policies, applications, source zones, URLs, source IPs, and regions
potentially causing the alert.
You can view the probable causes for the following scenarios:
- High Processing Activity (High Processing Activity alert): When the dataplane CPU usage is high, it can lead to various problems such as instability in firewalls, firewall hangs or stuck states, and packet loss or latency issues. This can negatively impact your business operations. If the dataplane CPU usage is at least 60% and there is a significant spike in usage, AIOps for NGFW will display probable causes in the High Processing Activity alert. However, if the dataplane CPU usage remains constant at a high level for a long period of time without any variation, the cause will be ambiguous and cannot be determined easily, so there won't be any probable causes displayed. For example, if the dataplane CPU usage is consistently 70% for an extended period of time, AIOps for NGFW won't display any probable causes.
- Single or Multiple Greedy Session Detection and Remediation (High Processing Activity alert): A greedy session attack on a firewall refers to an attacker rapidly creating numerous connections, exploiting the firewall's internal resources that can lead to resource exhaustion and denial of service (DoS) incidents. AIOps for NGFW can detect these issues and display probable causes for it.
- Session Exhaustion with Connectivity Loss (High Processing Activity alert): When a firewall receives traffic, it establishes a session for that traffic to track its state and perform necessary security inspections. Each session consumes system resources, including memory and CPU cycles. If the firewall reaches its maximum capacity for concurrent sessions, it will lead to session exhaustion. This issue can occur due to several reasons, including high traffic volume, misconfigured security policies, and improper session timeout settings. AIOps for NGFW utilizes advanced AI capabilities to proactively detect session depletion issues in network devices. This enables optimized resource allocation, elevates network performance, and mitigates connectivity issues to ensure uninterrupted service availability.
- High Packet Buffer Utilization due to Single Application (Increased Traffic Latency - Packet Buffer): AIOps for NGFW detects the probable root cause of high packet buffer utilization due to a single application monopolizing the packet buffer. AIOps for NGFW leverages advanced AI capabilities to ensure optimal network performance by timely alerting suboptimal resource allocation and preventing performance degradation.
- High Packet Descriptor on-chip Utilization due to Single Application (Increased Traffic Latency - Packet Descriptor on-chip): AIOps for NGFW detects the probable root cause of high on-chip packet descriptor utilization. This helps proactive identification and resolution of network congestion caused by a single application monopolizing the on-chip packet descriptor.
- Slow-Path DoS Attack Detection and Remediation Suggestion (High Processing Activity alert): AIOps for NGFW detects slow-path DoS attacks with AI-powered technology, ensuring network security and uninterrupted service availability. It performs high dataplane processing activity alerts, high policy deny activity root cause analysis, and remediation suggestions based on the causality analysis.
- High URL Cache Lookup Activity Detection and Remediation (High Processing Activity alert): AIOps for NGFW detects and addresses high URL cache lookup activity, optimizing the processing efficiency and maintaining system stability. This feature correlates URL cache lookup activity with DP CPU utilization, identifies high CPU usage, and provides remediation suggestions to prevent near saturation scenarios.
- High Content Processing Activity Detection and Remediation (High Processing Activity alert): AIOps for NGFW feature detects high content processing activity. This feature analyzes correlations between various content processing stages and dataplane CPU utilization, identifies instances of high CPU usage or near-saturation conditions, and provides actionable remediation suggestions for improved system stability.
- Certificate-too-long RCA Report (Commit Push Failed alert): AIOps for NGFW detects a commit failure and outlines the potential causes of commit failures, particularly when the length of the certificate exceeds the buffer size.
- From Incidents & AlertsAlerts, select an alert to open a page with details about the alert.The flow chart denotes:
- events that triggered the high processing activity alert
- probable cause of the triggered event
You can also hover your cursor over the nodes to view more details such as the probable cause, confidence level, triggered event, and duration of the impact. Whenever there are three or more event nodes, you can click and expand the events to view the details.AIOps for NFGW displays the same information in a tabular format as well. You can hover your cursor over a probable cause in the table to see the highlighted nodes and path in the flow chart. You can also click a probable cause in the flowchart to view its details in the tabular format.Confidence Level indicates how certain AIOps for NGFW is identifying the causes for the high processing activity alert. The probable causes are sorted in descending order of the confidence level. You can start by checking the causes with a High confidence level. - Expand a probable cause in the table to view graphs and impacted metrics that you want to investigate for triggering the alert.
- Use chart tools to inspect the graphs.The causality period enables you to visualize the cause-and-effect relationship between Cause of the alert and Triggered Event over time.You can view 6 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours before and after the impact in the graph.The probable cause analysis is enhanced to use the SLS logs and provide additional metadata to the probable cause that led to the creation of an alert or incident. This enhancement allows you to pinpoint the policies, applications, source zones, URLs, source IPs, and regions potentially causing the alert. For example, when the high dataplane CPU usage triggers a High Processing Activity alert, you can utilize the probable cause analysis to identify the primary contributors to the alert and follow the suggested remediation recommendations.