Source NAT
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Next-Generation Firewall Docs
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management of NGFWs
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- Management Interfaces
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- Launch the Web Interface
- Use the Administrator Login Activity Indicators to Detect Account Misuse
- Manage and Monitor Administrative Tasks
- Commit, Validate, and Preview Firewall Configuration Changes
- Commit Selective Configuration Changes
- Export Configuration Table Data
- Use Global Find to Search the Firewall or Panorama Management Server
- Manage Locks for Restricting Configuration Changes
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- Define Access to the Web Interface Tabs
- Provide Granular Access to the Monitor Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Policy Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Objects Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Network Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Device Tab
- Define User Privacy Settings in the Admin Role Profile
- Restrict Administrator Access to Commit and Validate Functions
- Provide Granular Access to Global Settings
- Provide Granular Access to the Panorama Tab
- Provide Granular Access to Operations Settings
- Panorama Web Interface Access Privileges
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- Reset the Firewall to Factory Default Settings
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- Plan Your Authentication Deployment
- Pre-Logon for SAML Authentication
- Configure SAML Authentication
- Configure Kerberos Single Sign-On
- Configure Kerberos Server Authentication
- Configure TACACS+ Authentication
- Configure TACACS Accounting
- Configure RADIUS Authentication
- Configure LDAP Authentication
- Configure Local Database Authentication
- Configure an Authentication Profile and Sequence
- Test Authentication Server Connectivity
- Troubleshoot Authentication Issues
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- Keys and Certificates
- Default Trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs)
- Certificate Deployment
- Configure the Master Key
- Export a Certificate and Private Key
- Configure a Certificate Profile
- Configure an SSL/TLS Service Profile
- Configure an SSH Service Profile
- Replace the Certificate for Inbound Management Traffic
- Configure the Key Size for SSL Forward Proxy Server Certificates
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- HA Overview
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- Prerequisites for Active/Active HA
- Configure Active/Active HA
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- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Route-Based Redundancy
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with ARP Load-Sharing
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Address Bound to Active-Primary Firewall
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Source DIPP NAT Using Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Separate Source NAT IP Address Pools for Active/Active HA Firewalls
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT in Layer 3
- HA Clustering Overview
- HA Clustering Best Practices and Provisioning
- Configure HA Clustering
- Refresh HA1 SSH Keys and Configure Key Options
- HA Firewall States
- Reference: HA Synchronization
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- Use the Dashboard
- Monitor Applications and Threats
- Monitor Block List
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- Report Types
- View Reports
- Configure the Expiration Period and Run Time for Reports
- Disable Predefined Reports
- Custom Reports
- Generate Custom Reports
- Generate the SaaS Application Usage Report
- Manage PDF Summary Reports
- Generate User/Group Activity Reports
- Manage Report Groups
- Schedule Reports for Email Delivery
- Manage Report Storage Capacity
- View Policy Rule Usage
- Use External Services for Monitoring
- Configure Log Forwarding
- Configure Email Alerts
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- Configure Syslog Monitoring
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- Traffic Log Fields
- Threat Log Fields
- URL Filtering Log Fields
- Data Filtering Log Fields
- HIP Match Log Fields
- GlobalProtect Log Fields
- IP-Tag Log Fields
- User-ID Log Fields
- Decryption Log Fields
- Tunnel Inspection Log Fields
- SCTP Log Fields
- Authentication Log Fields
- Config Log Fields
- System Log Fields
- Correlated Events Log Fields
- GTP Log Fields
- Audit Log Fields
- Syslog Severity
- Custom Log/Event Format
- Escape Sequences
- Forward Logs to an HTTP/S Destination
- Firewall Interface Identifiers in SNMP Managers and NetFlow Collectors
- Monitor Transceivers
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- User-ID Overview
- Enable User-ID
- Map Users to Groups
- Enable User- and Group-Based Policy
- Enable Policy for Users with Multiple Accounts
- Verify the User-ID Configuration
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- App-ID Overview
- App-ID and HTTP/2 Inspection
- Manage Custom or Unknown Applications
- Safely Enable Applications on Default Ports
- Applications with Implicit Support
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- Prepare to Deploy App-ID Cloud Engine
- Enable or Disable the App-ID Cloud Engine
- App-ID Cloud Engine Processing and Policy Usage
- New App Viewer (Policy Optimizer)
- Add Apps to an Application Filter with Policy Optimizer
- Add Apps to an Application Group with Policy Optimizer
- Add Apps Directly to a Rule with Policy Optimizer
- Replace an RMA Firewall (ACE)
- Impact of License Expiration or Disabling ACE
- Commit Failure Due to Cloud Content Rollback
- Troubleshoot App-ID Cloud Engine
- Application Level Gateways
- Disable the SIP Application-level Gateway (ALG)
- Maintain Custom Timeouts for Data Center Applications
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- Decryption Overview
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- Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
- SSL Forward Proxy
- SSL Forward Proxy Decryption Profile
- SSL Inbound Inspection
- SSL Inbound Inspection Decryption Profile
- SSL Protocol Settings Decryption Profile
- SSH Proxy
- SSH Proxy Decryption Profile
- Profile for No Decryption
- SSL Decryption for Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Certificates
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) Support for SSL Decryption
- SSL Decryption and Subject Alternative Names (SANs)
- TLSv1.3 Decryption
- High Availability Not Supported for Decrypted Sessions
- Decryption Mirroring
- Configure SSL Forward Proxy
- Configure SSL Inbound Inspection
- Configure SSH Proxy
- Configure Server Certificate Verification for Undecrypted Traffic
- Post-Quantum Cryptography Detection and Control
- Enable Users to Opt Out of SSL Decryption
- Temporarily Disable SSL Decryption
- Configure Decryption Port Mirroring
- Verify Decryption
- Activate Free Licenses for Decryption Features
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- Policy Types
- Policy Objects
- Track Rules Within a Rulebase
- Enforce Policy Rule Description, Tag, and Audit Comment
- Move or Clone a Policy Rule or Object to a Different Virtual System
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- External Dynamic List
- Built-in External Dynamic Lists
- Configure the Firewall to Access an External Dynamic List
- Retrieve an External Dynamic List from the Web Server
- View External Dynamic List Entries
- Exclude Entries from an External Dynamic List
- Enforce Policy on an External Dynamic List
- Find External Dynamic Lists That Failed Authentication
- Disable Authentication for an External Dynamic List
- Register IP Addresses and Tags Dynamically
- Use Dynamic User Groups in Policy
- Use Auto-Tagging to Automate Security Actions
- CLI Commands for Dynamic IP Addresses and Tags
- Application Override Policy
- Test Policy Rules
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- Network Segmentation Using Zones
- How Do Zones Protect the Network?
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure a PPPoE Client on a Subinterface
- Configure an IPv6 PPPoE Client
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
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- DHCP Overview
- Firewall as a DHCP Server and Client
- Firewall as a DHCPv6 Client
- DHCP Messages
- Dynamic IPv6 Addressing on the Management Interface
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Server
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv4 Client
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv6 Client with Prefix Delegation
- Configure the Management Interface as a DHCP Client
- Configure the Management Interface for Dynamic IPv6 Address Assignment
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Relay Agent
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Create a Source NAT Rule with Persistent DIPP
- PAN-OS
- Strata Cloud Manager
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Network Packet Broker Overview
- How Network Packet Broker Works
- Prepare to Deploy Network Packet Broker
- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Configure Routed Layer 3 Security Chains
- Network Packet Broker HA Support
- User Interface Changes for Network Packet Broker
- Limitations of Network Packet Broker
- Troubleshoot Network Packet Broker
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- Enable Advanced Routing
- Logical Router Overview
- Configure a Logical Router
- Create a Static Route
- Configure BGP on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create BGP Routing Profiles
- Create Filters for the Advanced Routing Engine
- Configure OSPFv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPF Routing Profiles
- Configure OSPFv3 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPFv3 Routing Profiles
- Configure RIPv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create RIPv2 Routing Profiles
- Create BFD Profiles
- Configure IPv4 Multicast
- Configure MSDP
- Create Multicast Routing Profiles
- Create an IPv4 MRoute
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PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
Source NAT
Source NAT is typically used by internal users to access the internet; the source address is
translated and thereby kept private. There are several types of source NAT: static IP,
dynamic IP, and dynamic IP and port (DIPP). DIPP can be configured as non-persistent or
persistent.
- Static IP—Allows the one-to-one, static translation of a source IP address, but leaves the source port unchanged. A common scenario for a static IP translation is an internal server that must be available to the internet.
- Dynamic IP—Allows the one-to-one, dynamic translation of a source IP address only (no port number) to the next available address in the NAT address pool. The size of the NAT pool should be equal to the number of internal hosts that require address translations. By default, if the source address pool is larger than the NAT address pool and eventually all of the NAT addresses are allocated, new connections that need address translation are dropped. To override this default behavior, use Advanced (Dynamic IP/Port Fallback) to enable use of DIPP addresses when necessary. In either event, as sessions terminate and the addresses in the pool become available, they can be allocated to translate new connections.Dynamic IP NAT supports the option for you to Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses.
- Dynamic IP and Port (DIPP)—Allows multiple hosts to have their source IP addresses translated to the same public IP address with different port numbers. The dynamic translation is to the next available address in the NAT address pool, which you configure as a Translated Address pool be to an IP address, range of addresses, a subnet, or a combination of these.As an alternative to using the next address in the NAT address pool, DIPP allows you to specify the address of the Interface itself. The advantage of specifying the interface in the NAT rule is that the NAT rule will be automatically updated to use any address subsequently acquired by the interface. DIPP is sometimes referred to as interface-based NAT or network address port translation (NAPT).DIPP has a default NAT oversubscription rate, which is the number of times that the same translated IP address and port pair can be used concurrently. For more information, see Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription and Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT.(Affects only PA-7000 Series firewalls that do not use second-generation PA-7050-SMC-B or PA-7080-SMC-B Switch Management Cards) When you use Point-to-Point Tunnel Protocol (PPTP) with DIPP NAT, the firewall is limited to using a translated IP address-and-port pair for only one connection; the firewall does not support DIPP NAT. The workaround is to upgrade the PA-7000 Series firewall to a second-generation SMC-B card.When you configure regular (non-persistent) DIPP on a multi-data plane (DP) firewall model, the oversubscription rate applies to the local pool; it's not enforced across DPs. A source port from one DP can be reused by a different DP. Reusing ports for regular DIPP is fine because regular traffic goes to different destinations. In this graphic, both sessions have their source translated to 200.0.0.1/2001:
- (PAN-OS 11.1.0 and earlier releases) Persistent NAT for DIPP (also referred to as persistent DIPP or persistent NAT)—Available on all firewalls. VoIP, video, cloud-based video conferencing, audio conferencing, and other applications often use DIPP and may require the Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) protocol. DIPP NAT uses symmetric NAT, which may have compatibility issues with applications that use STUN. To alleviate these issues, persistent NAT for DIPP provides additional support for connectivity with such applications.In PAN-OS 11.1.0 and earlier releases, when you enable persistent NAT for DIPP, it applies to all NAT and NAT64 rules; it is a global setting. Management plane or dataplane logs will indicate NAT DIPP/STUN support has been enabled.When persistent NAT for DIPP is enabled, the binding of a private source IP address/port pair to a specific public (translated) source IP address/port pair persists for subsequent sessions that arrive having that same original source IP address/port pair. The following example shows three sessions:In this example, original source IP address/port 10.1.1.5:2966 is bound to the translated source IP address/port 192.168.1.6:1077 in Session 1. That binding is persistent in Session 2 and Session 3, which have the same original source IP address/port, but different destination addresses. The persistence of the binding ends after all of the sessions for that source IP address/port pair have ended.In Session 1 of the example, the Destination port is 3478, the default STUN port.The persistent NAT for DIPP setting (enabled or disabled) survives across firewall reboots.With regular DIPP NAT rules, multiple pairs of the same [source IP address/port] combination sending traffic to different destinations will get different translations. With persistent DIPP rules, multiple pairs of the same [source IP address/port] combination sending traffic to different destinations will get the same translation, as illustrated with the three sessions above.Persistent NAT cannot reuse port numbers among DPs because if multiple DPs tried to use the same port number, some sessions might fail to reach STUN, as shown here:The solution is to partition the source ports among the DPs; thus port numbers will be unique and you avoid duplicate sessions:
- (PAN-OS 11.1.1 and later releases) Per-Policy Persistent DIPP—Beginning with PAN-OS 11.1.1 and later releases, you configure persistent DIPP in individual NAT policy rules instead of globally. When you are using NAT or NAT64 for video or voice applications behind the firewall and you need to access STUN, create a NAT policy rule using a translation type of Persistent Dynamic IP And Port.Per-policy persistent DIPP allows regular (non-persistent) DIPP and persistent DIPP to coexist because persistent DIPP isn't global; the granularity is within a NAT policy rule. When persistent DIPP is configured globally, there are only 64,512 source ports available system-wide, restricting the total number of translations even for regular DIPP traffic. By allowing regular DIPP and persistent DIPP rules to coexist in the system, regular DIPP doesn't have to share ports with persistent DIPP, and can have an oversubscription rate greater than 1, unleashing the total number of regular DIPP translations.Persistent DIPP rules and regular DIPP rules can be translated to the same IP address ranges. To achieve the best performance, configure persistent DIPP and regular DIPP to manage separate source port pools because the traffic should go to different destinations. Separate port pools can have overlapping port ranges.For persistent DIPP rules, the oversubscription rate is 1 (no oversubscription). Regular DIPP rules use the oversubscription rate set in the system configuration. This design yields the best performance when persistent DIPP is enabled on the firewall.As this graphic shows, the purple sessions from DP0 and DP1 use a regular NAT rule and use the same translated source IP address/port (200.0.0.1/2000). They have different destination IP addresses to the internet. The orange sessions from DP0 and DP1 are destined for a STUN port. They use a persistent DIPP NAT rule and use the same translated source IP address (200.0.0.1) but different port numbers (32001 and 63488).In summary, per-policy persistent DIPP allows two types of traffic to coexist on a firewall (regular DIPP and persistent DIPP). Regular DIPP rules and persistent DIPP rules can share a single translated IP address (note the four sessions in the graphic all have a translated source address of 200.0.0.1). Regular DIPP rules can share the same source translated IP address and port (the purple sessions) because they have different destinations. Regular DIPP rule type and persistent DIPP rule type can each control its own source port pool.Persistent DIPP doesn't support hot swapping of line cards.